Tuesday, 25 February 2014

Aircraft Main Components And The Translation

Posted by Unknown at 04:46 Labels:
   Aircraft is the modern transportation system which provides people around the
world to travel from one place to another place in a short time and more comfortable than other transportation system in the world. Many of us have known about airplane or aircraft. But, we just enjoy travel by them or just know that they can fly. Actually, it's not as simple as like. So in this occasion, I wanna explain and explore about what consists the aircraft. Anyway, let's go to the topic.

Boeing 777 Assembly Line
   First, Aircraft fuselage or body. Aircraft body is the biggest and the most importance component on a aircraft. It's diveded into 3 sections, they're head section, middle section, and tail section.The head section is the section where weather radar, cockpit, and executive/first class cabin places. Next, the middle section is the section where main wings is tided and economy cabin places. The last, the tail section is the section where the horizontal and vertical wings is tided and the flight data recorder places.The Body of aircraft has to be aerodynimcs, floaty, and strong because the aircraft is faced by savage physisc air law and many types of wind such us storm, icy rain, and high compression from inside the aircraft cabin. So, the aircraft engineer keep to design the body for make sure the safety and the performance of the aircraft would be better time by time. Now, the engineer have discovered a new material that can be use to material of the new generation aircraft, which named carbon fiber.

Kind Of The Most Used Engine In Aviation Industry
   
         
         Second, The Engine. The Engine is the machine is given the power or throttle for the aircraft to make it flying on the sky. Aircraft engine commonly build by jet engine expert company such as GE (General Electric), CFM International, Rolls-Royce, Pratt-Whitney, etc. The aircraft need 2 up to 6 engines to make it fly and amount of engine is depended by weight and size of the aircraft.The aircraft engine is equipped by propeller, turbine, air compressor, combustion chamber, and nozzle. The propeller has function as the director for make air flow into the engine. The turbine has function as booster of trust gas from the combustion chamber to the nozzle. The air compressor has function as compress the air rapidly and direct the air to combustion chamber. The combustion chamber has function as the place where air mixes with the fuel for make hot gases (thrust gas). And the nozzle has function as thrust gas exhaust system of the engine. There are 3 kind of the most used engine family in aviation industry now, they're turbofan, turboprop, and turbojet.

           They have each characteristics and features based on the size, amount of force/throttle,     and usage. The turbofan engine is used for many commercial aircraft and the most famous engine family in the whole world. Why? Because it has low sound radiation than other engine family especially the turbojet, and turbofan engine gives enough throttle to the aircraft, but the otherwise it has low fuel consumption and more efficient for operating. Even the turbofan engine has huge wind propeller which its diameter as long as human height, that's so incridible! The next type of aircraft engine is turbojet engine, which it has the strongest throttle than another engine had ever built. Why? Because it has more turbine and compressor which more efficient, and every proppeler, compressor, and turbine can reach rotating speed more than 15000 rpm. Meanwhile, turbofan engine commonly reach rotating speed up to 14000 rpm only. And it's used by jet fighter aircraft and supersconic aircraft because need for speed and reduce the flight time. The last type of aircraft engine is turboprop which use the out-engine propeller to pump the air from outside to inside the engine. Turboprop engine has the low power than turbofan and turbojet engine because the rotation speed of its propeller is limited, so it's usually used on mini aircraft, soldier carrier aircraft, sea patrol aircraft, etc.


    
         The last main component of the aircraft is the wings. Wings is one of important component on the aircraft besides the engine, so engineer keep to design, test, and innovate the aircraft wings to get excellent result. In the aircraft, there are 3 kinds of wing and they're main wings (a pair of main wing), flying stabilizer (a pair of flying stabilizer), and vertical wing (only 1). The wings is equipped with flight controls which named ailerons, spoilers, trailing edge flaps, leading edge slats, rudder, and elevators. Ailerons, spoilers, trailing edge flaps, and leading edge slats are flight controls which assemblies in main wings of the aircraft. Meanwhile, rudder is assemblies in vertical wing and elevators is assemblies in flying stabilizer. They have each function in order to makes the aircraft can fly. Ailerons have function as the control aircraft movement about longitudinal axis (Horizontal Axis), so it means that the lateral (roll) control of the aircraft are influenced by ailerons. Then, spoilers have function as the airbrake of the aircraft on the air and on the ground (landing). Next, trailing edge flaps have function as the components which gives lift forces above the wings so that make the aircraft take off easily and altitude's descend is going well. And then, leading edge slats have function as the director for makes air flow up and down the main wings perfectly. Next, rudder has function as the control yawing moment of the aircraft (swing to right or left). The last, elevators have function as the lateral axis (pitch) control of the aircraft or as the control of vertical axis movement of the aircraft, it means that horizontal aircraft movement of the aircraft (the aircraft nose pitch up or pitch down) are influenced by elevators. And there's also new innovation from aerodynamic engineer which named winglet. The winglet has function as make the aircraft more stable on extreme situation such as thunder storm and crosswind. Winglet is also reduces the vortex attack on the wingtip of the aircraft.



One of  kind of winglet (Sharklet)

         So, this is all about 3 main components of the aircraft that I've known based on my aviation knowledge. Thank you for reading my article. I hope that my article about main components of the aircraft can give a lot of benefit to readers.

       Posted By : Dimas Nabil Simamora